What Prevents Centromeric Crossovers?

vor 3 Wochen

Duesseldorf, Deutschland Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research Vollzeit

**What prevents Centromeric crossovers?**:

- Réf
- **ABG-112024**
- Sujet de Thèse- 13/03/2023- Contrat doctoral- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research- Lieu de travail- cologne - Allemagne- Intitulé du sujet- What prevents Centromeric crossovers?- Champs scientifiques- Biologie
- Mots clés- recombiantion, crossover, meiosis, arabidopsis**Description du sujet**:
The distribution (localization and number) of meiotic crossovers (COs) along the genome is far from random. However, the mechanisms and the evolutionary forces that impose associated constraints are very poorly understood. First, in most eukaryotes, there is at least one CO per chromosome at each meiosis, which is required for the balanced segregation of chromosomes. Second, the average number of COs is surprisingly low, typically from 1 to 3 per chromosome. This raises the question of the selective pressure that limits CO numbers. Third, the density of COs is extremely inhomogeneous at both large (chromosomal) and small scales (kb). Centromeric and pericentromeric regions are notably universally depleted in COs. In some extreme cases, such as wheat, up to 80% of the genome hardly ever experiences any COs. These regions contain ~30% of the genes, which are thus out of reach for plant breeding. The mechanisms behind CO depletion in pericentromeres are still elusive.

In addition, the student will analyze with super-resolution microscopy the behavior of recombination proteins during meiosis, in parallel to the genomic organization of the pericentromeres, to determine the sources of recombination inhibition.

**Nature du financement**:

- Contrat doctoral**Précisions sur le financement**:

- The rePLANT (Reconstruction Biology in Plant Sciences) Doctoral Training Program**Présentation établissement et labo d'accueil**:

- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchThe capacity to reproduce and transmit genetic information is one of the few key features that define life. Both natural selection and breeding can optimise genetic information. They enable plants to adapt to the environment and confer beneficial characteristics for agriculture. The Department of Chromosome Biology at the MPIPZ aims to understand how genetic information is transmitted and modified over generations.

The essence of heredity is meiosis, the special form of cell division that shuffles genetic information at each generation and drives the evolution of all eukaryotes - from animals to plants. The major focuses of the Department of Chromosome Biology are meiosis and meiotic recombination. However, we also explore other key sources of genomic variation such as mutations, genome rearrangements, holocentric centromeres and polyploidisation. We develop multiple-scale approaches - from molecules and cells to species and populations - and use cutting-edge technologies in microscopy, cell biology, genetics, and genomics to address questions such as: How is meiotic recombination regulated in terms of the number and localisation of genetic exchanges? How are chromosomes faithfully transmitted to gametes? How does meiosis evolve in response to changes in chromosome structure or whole genome duplication? Conversely, how do meiosis and genome reorganisation shape adaptation? Finally, we explore the possibility opened by a better understanding of meiosis and heredity to develop transformative innovations for plant breeding.

Backgroud in genetics, genomics, microscopy and/or cell biology

Strong motivation for basic research

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